Reconsidering the Causal Efficacy of Situations
نویسندگان
چکیده
Many social psychologists believe that characteristics of situations and persons represent two separate and sometimes competing causes of behavior and that situations are the more powerful determinants of behavior. After reviewing some of my previous analyses that explain why the power of situations depends totally upon the characteristics of persons, I will demonstrate further shortcomings of situational explanations with several types of behavior noted by ethologists: in vacuo, appetitive, exploratory, and play behaviors. I will conclude by comparing what situational influences within the reflex-arc, computer, and servomechanism metaphors imply about constraints on freedom and the predictability of human behavior.
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